Textbook on Scar Management

This text book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Written by a group of international experts in the field and the result of over ten years of collaboration, it allows students and readers to gain to gain a detailed understanding of scar and wound treatment – a topic still dispersed among various disciplines. The content is divided into three parts for easy reference. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of scar management, including assessment and evaluation procedures, classification, tools for accurate measurement of all scar-related elements (volume density, color, vascularization), descriptions of the different evaluation scales. It also features chapters on the best practices in electronic-file storage for clinical reevaluation and telemedicine procedures for safe remote evaluation. The second section offers a comprehensive review of treatment and evidence-based technologies, presenting a consensus of the various available guidelines (silicone, surgery, chemical injections, mechanical tools for scar stabilization, lasers). The third part evaluates the full range of emerging technologies offered to physicians as alternative or complementary solutions for wound healing (mechanical, chemical, anti-proliferation). Textbook on Scar Management will appeal to trainees, fellows, residents and physicians dealing with scar management in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery and oncology, as well as to nurses and general practitioners ; Comprehensive reference covering the complete field of wounds and scar management: semiology, classifications and scoring Highly educational contents for trainees as well as professionals in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery, oncology as well as nurses and general practitioners Fast access to information through key points, take home messages, highlights, and a wealth of clinical cases Book didactic contents enhanced by supplementary material and video

Textbook on Scar Management

This text book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Written by a group of international experts in the field and the result of over ten years of collaboration, it allows students and readers to gain to gain a detailed understanding of scar and wound treatment – a topic still dispersed among various disciplines. The content is divided into three parts for easy reference. The first part focuses on the fundamentals of scar management, including assessment and evaluation procedures, classification, tools for accurate measurement of all scar-related elements (volume density, color, vascularization), descriptions of the different evaluation scales. It also features chapters on the best practices in electronic-file storage for clinical reevaluation and telemedicine procedures for safe remote evaluation. The second section offers a comprehensive review of treatment and evidence-based technologies, presenting a consensus of the various available guidelines (silicone, surgery, chemical injections, mechanical tools for scar stabilization, lasers). The third part evaluates the full range of emerging technologies offered to physicians as alternative or complementary solutions for wound healing (mechanical, chemical, anti-proliferation). Textbook on Scar Management will appeal to trainees, fellows, residents and physicians dealing with scar management in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery and oncology, as well as to nurses and general practitioners ; Comprehensive reference covering the complete field of wounds and scar management: semiology, classifications and scoring Highly educational contents for trainees as well as professionals in plastic surgery, dermatology, surgery, oncology as well as nurses and general practitioners Fast access to information through key points, take home messages, highlights, and a wealth of clinical cases Book didactic contents enhanced by supplementary material and video

Positional differences in the wound transcriptome of skin and oral mucosa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>When compared to skin, oral mucosal wounds heal rapidly and with reduced scar formation. Recent studies suggest that intrinsic differences in inflammation, growth factor production, levels of stem cells, and cellular proliferation capacity may underlie the exceptional healing that occurs in oral mucosa. The current study was designed to compare the transcriptomes of oral mucosal and skin wounds in order to identify critical differences in the healing response at these two sites using an unbiased approach.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using microarray analysis, we explored the differences in gene expression in skin and oral mucosal wound healing in a murine model of paired equivalent sized wounds. Samples were examined from days 0 to 10 and spanned all stages of the wound healing process. Using unwounded matched tissue as a control, filtering identified 1,479 probe sets in skin wounds yet only 502 probe sets in mucosal wounds that were significantly differentially expressed over time. Clusters of genes that showed similar patterns of expression were also identified in each wound type. Analysis of functionally related gene expression demonstrated dramatically different reactions to injury between skin and mucosal wounds. To explore whether site-specific differences might be derived from intrinsic differences in cellular responses at each site, we compared the response of isolated epithelial cells from skin and oral mucosa to a defined in vitro stimulus. When cytokine levels were measured, epithelial cells from skin produced significantly higher amounts of proinflammatory cytokines than cells from oral mucosa.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results provide the first detailed molecular profile of the site-specific differences in the genetic response to injury in mucosa and skin, and suggest the divergent reactions to injury may derive from intrinsic differences in the cellular responses at each site.</p

Research on Teaching and Learning Mathematics at the Tertiary Level:State-of-the-art and Looking Ahead

This topical survey focuses on research in tertiary mathematics education, a field that has experienced considerable growth over the last 10 years. Drawing on the most recent journal publication as well as the latest advances from recent high quality conference proceedings, our review culls out the following five emergent areas of interest: mathematics teaching at the tertiary level; the role of mathematics in other disciplines; textbooks, assessment and students’ studying practices; transition to the tertiary level; and theoretical-methodological advances. We conclude the survey with a discussion of some potential ways forward for future research in this new and rapidly developing domain of inquiry

Mineralogy of Miocene Petrified Wood from Central Washington State, USA

Silicified wood occurs abundantly in Middle Miocene flows and sedimentary interbeds of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) in central Washington State, USA. These fossil localities are well-dated based on radiometric ages determined for the host lava. Paleoenvironments include wood transported by lahars (Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park), fluvial and palludal environments (Saddle Mountain and Yakima Canyon fossil localities), and standing forests engulfed by advancing lava (Yakima Ridge fossil forest). At all of these localities, the mineralogy of fossil wood is diverse, with silica minerals that include opal-A, opal-CT, chalcedony, and macrocrystalline quartz. Some specimens are composed of only a single form of silica; more commonly, specimens contain multiple phases. Opal-A and Opal-CT often coexist. Some woods are mineralized only with chalcedony; however, chalcedony and macrocrystalline quartz are common as minor constituents in opal wood. In these specimens, crystalline silica filling fractures, rot pockets, and cell lumen may occur. These occurrences are evidence that silicification occurred as a sequential process, where changes in the geochemical environment or anatomical structures affected the precipitation of silica. Fossilization typically began with precipitation of amorphous silica within cell walls, leaving cell lumen and conductive vessels open. Diagenetic transformation of opal-A to opal-CT in fossil wood has long been a widely accepted hypothesis; however, in opaline CRBG specimens, the two silica polymorphs usually appear to have formed independently, e.g., woods in which cell walls are mineralized with opal-A but in which lumen contain opal-CT. Similarly, opal-CT has been inferred to sometimes transform to chalcedony; however, in CRBG, these mixed assemblages commonly resulted from multiple mineralization episodes

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Plastic Surgery

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem affecting nearly one third of all surgical patients. In addition to making the patient feel miserable, PONV is a major cause of prolonged recovery, unintended hospital admission, and poor patient satisfaction after surgery. Retching and vomiting can also lead to hematoma formation, wound and suture dehiscence, and aspiration. Thus, the prevention of PONV is an important goal in the overall outcome of surgery and, in particular, plastic surgery. The etiology of PONV is multifactorial, and several important risk factors have been identified. These factors include female gender, nonsmoking status, and a history of PONV or opioid-induced nausea and emesis. Volatile anesthetics and long operative duration also increase the risk of PONV. Reduction in the incidence of PONV requires careful assessment of patient-related risk factors as well as the appropriate use of prophylactic antiemetics. There are many antiemetic medications on the market today. Ondansetron, a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist, appears to be the current drug of choice for PONV prophylaxis. It has greatest efficacy and cost-effectiveness when used in patients at moderate to high risk. In addition, surgeons can consider using intravenous propofol or conscious sedation instead of general anesthesia where appropriate

The Bruneau Woodpile: A Miocene Phosphatized Fossil Wood Locality in Southwestern Idaho, USA

The Bruneau Woodpile site has long been popular among fossil collectors; however, the deposit has received scant attention from scientists. Our research reveals that the fossilized wood was deposited ca. 6.85 Ma, within the Chalk Hills Formation, and was mineralized with carbonate-fluorapatite. The diverse assemblage of conifers and hardwoods is representative of the warm temperate forests that flourished in southwest Idaho, USA during the late Miocene. Limb and trunk fragments preserved in a single thin sandstone bed appear to represent woody debris that was transported by streams. One possible explanation is that wood, pumice, and sandy volcaniclastic sediment arrived separately as a result of ordinary stream action, and later were combined into a single assemblage during a subsequent high-energy sedimentation event. We favor an alternate hypothesis: a catastrophic event (e.g., a windstorm) damaged trees on slopes bordering the ancient lake. Branches and small trunk fragments were carried by wind and rain into local streams and ponds where they became waterlogged. After a delay that allowed pumice and wood to become saturated, storm water transported these materials, along with finer volcaniclastic sediment, into a lake. The resulting density current produced a fining-upward sedimentary cycle where wood was preserved in the lowest, coarsest stratum